A thick layer of atmosphere, which grows thinner further out into space, surrounds the Earth. The atmosphere is consists mainly of Nitrogen. 21% of the atmosphere is Oxygen while just around 1% of the atmosphere consists of other gases like Carbon Dioxide. When sunlight strikes the Earth, some of it escapes back into the atmosphere, but the presence of 'greenhouse gases' like carbon dioxide, nitrous oxide, methane, prevents all the radiation from escaping out into space. These gases trap the sun's radiation, heat and energy, and therefore, the Earth's temperature remains warm. So, more and more of the Earth's radiation gets trapped by the atmosphere and the Earth gradually gets warmer and warmer. It is believed that over the past century the Earth has grown warmer by around 1 degree F. This is called global warming, which occurs due to the greenhouse effect.
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